Eighty university students, half men and half women, were evenly distributed across 4 conditions in a one-way design. Three of the groups listened to a seven-minute musical selection, either calming, stimulating or aversive, while the remaining subjects were not exposed to any music and sat in silence. The evaluations showed that the calming and stimulating music created some positive moods, while the aversive music tended to arouse negative feelings. Those who listened to the calming music were most likely to be helpful immediately afterwards, much more so than the aversive music or no musical themes, perhaps because of the ideas evoked by these choices. Source
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